Learn the critical early signs of heatstroke, like high fever and confusion, and the immediate first aid steps to prevent organ failure and save lives.

KUALA LUMPUR: The public is urged to recognise the early signs of heatstroke, a life-threatening condition that poses a particular risk to children, the elderly and those with chronic illnesses.

Heatstroke typically occurs after a period of extreme heat and often follows heat exhaustion, according to University Malaya Medical Centre family medicine specialist Dr Megat Mohamad Amirul Amzar Megat Hashim.

The human body functions optimally at around 37°C and activates cooling mechanisms when temperatures rise.

“Beyond that, the body’s proteins, enzymes, and hormones stop working properly, putting organs at risk of failure, and potentially becoming fatal,” he explained.

Early warning signs include a body temperature exceeding 40°C, confusion, delirium, fainting or seizures.

Immediate first aid involves loosening clothing, cooling the head, neck and armpits, moving to a cool place and drinking cold fluids.

“If first aid isn’t given, the risk of heatstroke rises sharply… the person will grow weaker, and vital organs can gradually fail,” he warned.

A critical sign of progressing heatstroke is the cessation of sweating due to severe dehydration.

Urine output also drops or stops, which can lead to internal organ damage without prompt intervention.

“If that happens, they should be rushed to the hospital for emergency treatment,” Dr Megat Mohamad Amirul said.

Vulnerable groups have less resilient bodies, making them more susceptible to heatstroke from prolonged exposure.

To stay hydrated, avoid prolonged sun exposure and limit outdoor activities between 11 am and 4 pm.

“In terms of diet, avoid taking too much caffeine, alcohol, and salty foods, as they can worsen dehydration,” he advised.

Drinking at least eight glasses of water daily is crucial for maintaining proper hydration in hot weather.

 The Sun Malaysia